Black carbon is a major component of PM2.5 and driver of climate change, also known as a short-lived climate pollutant.
Carbon monoxide (CO) a colorless and odorless gas, which at high levels can be harmful to humans by impairing the amount of oxygen transported in the bloodstream to critical organs.
Nitrogen dioxide, mainly emitted by power generation, industrial and traffic sources, is an important constituent of particulate matter and ozone.
Ground-level ozone is one of the major components of photochemical smog and a key health risk linked to breathing problems, asthma, reduced lung function and respiratory diseases.
Particulate matter (PM) are inhalable and respirable particles composed of sulphate, nitrates, ammonia, sodium chloride, black carbon, mineral dust and water.
Sulfur dioxide ( SO2) is primarily produced from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) and the smelting of mineral ores that contain sulphur.
